Single-mode systems usually operate at what wavelengths?

Single-mode fiber optic systems are designed to carry light over long distances with minimal loss and distortion, making them ideal for telecommunications and data networking. The wavelengths at which single-mode fibers typically operate are primarily 1310 nm and 1550 nm.

1310 nm is commonly used because it strikes a good balance between low attenuation and manageable dispersion for many applications. This wavelength is effective for shorter distances, typically up to 40 kilometers (25 miles) with standard single-mode fiber.

1550 nm is also widely used in single-mode systems due to its low attenuation characteristics, making it suitable for longer distances, often exceeding 100 kilometers (62 miles). At this wavelength, optical signals experience significantly less signal loss compared to shorter wavelengths. This efficiency is particularly important in long-haul communications.

The other options contain wavelengths that are not primarily associated with single-mode fiber. For instance, 850 nm is typically related to multimode fibers, which are designed for shorter distance applications and have different propagation characteristics. The combination of 810 nm and other mentioned wavelengths does not reflect standard practices in single-mode fiber usage either.

Therefore, the choice of 1310 nm and 1550 nm aligns with the industry standards for single-mode fiber optic systems, which prioritize low signal