What is attenuation in fiber optics?

Attenuation in fiber optics specifically refers to the reduction in signal strength as the light travels through the fiber optic cable. This phenomenon occurs due to various factors, such as scattering, absorption, and bending of the fiber. As light signals propagate down the fiber, their intensity diminishes, which can lead to decreased performance and the need for repeaters or amplifiers to maintain signal integrity over long distances. Understanding attenuation is crucial for fiber optic installation and troubleshooting because it affects how far data can be transmitted effectively without significant loss.

The other options do not accurately describe attenuation. For instance, the notion of an increase in signal strength over distance contradicts the very nature of attenuation. Similarly, while amplification relates to restoring or boosting signal strength, it is not synonymous with attenuation, which deals with loss rather than enhancement. Lastly, the measurement of cable diameter is unrelated to the concept of signal loss, as attenuation is about the reduction in signal power rather than physical dimensions of the fiber optic cable.