What is dispersion in fiber optics?

Dispersion in fiber optics refers to the spreading of light pulses as they travel down the fiber. This phenomenon occurs because different wavelengths of light travel at slightly different speeds through the fiber material. As a result, over longer distances, the individual light pulses can broaden and overlap, potentially leading to signal degradation and limiting the bandwidth of the fiber optic system. Understanding dispersion is crucial for fiber optic installers, as it impacts the performance of high-speed data transmission, necessitating careful consideration of fiber type and length to mitigate its effects.

Other phenomena described in the options play significant roles in fiber optics but are distinct from dispersion. Reflection involves the bouncing of light at the interfaces within the fiber, allowing for signal transmission within the core. Absorption pertains to the loss of light energy as it is absorbed by the fiber material itself, rather than dispersing. Amplification refers to the enhancement of weak signals, which doesn't relate to the spreading of those signals. Each of these concepts is important, but they highlight different aspects of fiber optic technology, while dispersion specifically addresses the time-related smearing of light signals over distance.